Cascading image modification using multiple digital cameras incorporating image processing

ABSTRACT

This patent describes a multi effect system to provide enhanced image effects. The effects are provided by interconnecting a series of camera manipulation units, each of the camera manipulation units applying an image manipulation to an inputted image so as to produce a manipulated output image. The manipulation instructions can be provided by inputting instructions to each manipulation unit by means of detachable cards. The interconnections can include branches and loops wherein required.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The following Australian provisional patent applications are hereby incorporated by cross-reference. For the purposes of location and identification, US patent applications identified by their U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. (USSN) are listed alongside the Australian applications from which the U.S. patent applications claim the right of priority. CROSS-REFERENCED US PATENT/ AUSTRALIAN PATENT APPLICATION PROVISIONAL (CLAIMING RIGHT OF PATENT PRIORITY FROM AUSTRALIAN DOCKET APPLICATION NO. PROVISIONAL APPLICATION) NO. PO7991 09/113,060 ART01 PO8505 09/113,070 ART02 PO7988 09/113,073 ART03 PO9395 6,322,181 ART04 PO8017 09/112,747 ART06 PO8014 09/112,776 ART07 PO8025 09/112,750 ART08 PO8032 09/112,746 ART09 PO7999 09/112,743 ART10 PO7998 09/112,742 ART11 PO8031 09/112,741 ART12 PO8030 6,196,541 ART13 PO7997 6,195,150 ART15 PO7979 09/113,053 ART16 PO8015 09/112,738 ART17 PO7978 09/113,067 ART18 PO7982 09/113,063 ART19 PO7989 09/113,069 ART20 PO8019 09/112,744 ART21 PO7980 6,356,715 ART22 PO8018 09/112,777 ART24 PO7938 09/113,224 ART25 PO8016 6,366,693 ART26 PO8024 09/112,805 ART27 PO7940 09/113,072 ART28 PO7939 09/112,785 ART29 PO8501 6,137,500 ART30 PO8500 09/112,796 ART31 PO7987 09/113,071 ART32 PO8022 09/112,824 ART33 PO8497 09/113,090 ART34 PO8020 09/112,823 ART38 PO8023 09/113,222 ART39 PO8504 09/112,786 ART42 PO8000 09/113,051 ART43 PO7977 09/112,782 ART44 PO7934 09/113,056 ART45 PO7990 09/113,059 ART46 PO8499 09/113,091 ART47 PO8502 09/112,753 ART48 PO7981 6,317,192 ART50 PO7986 09/113,057 ART51 PO7983 09/113,054 ART52 PO8026 09/112,752 ART53 PO8027 09/112,759 ART54 PO8028 09/112,757 ART56 PO9394 09/112,758 ART57 PO9396 09/113,107 ART58 PO9397 6,271,931 ART59 PO9398 6,353,772 ART60 PO9399 6,106,147 ART61 PO9400 09/112,790 ART62 PO9401 6,304,291 ART63 PO9402 09/112,788 ART64 PO9403 6,305,770 ART65 PO9405 6,289,262 ART66 PP0959 6,315,200 ART68 PP1397 6,217,165 ART69 PP2370 09/112,781 DOT01 PP2371 09/113,052 DOT02 PO8003 09/112,834 Fluid01 PO8005 09/113,103 Fluid02 PO9404 09/113,101 Fluid03 PO8066 6,227,652 IJ01 PO8072 6,213,588 IJ02 PO8040 6,213,589 IJ03 PO8071 6,231,163 IJ04 PO8047 6,247,795 IJ05 PO8035 09/113,099 IJ06 PO8044 6,244,691 IJ07 PO8063 6,257,704 IJ08 PO8057 09/112,778 IJ09 PO8056 6,220,694 IJ10 PO8069 6,257,705 IJ11 PO8049 6,247,794 IJ12 PO8036 6,234,610 IJ13 PO8048 6,247,793 IJ14 PO8070 6,264,306 IJ15 PO8067 6,241,342 IJ16 PO8001 6,247,792 IJ17 PO8038 6,264,307 IJ18 PO8033 6,254,220 IJ19 PO8002 6,234,611 IJ20 PO8068 09/112,808 IJ21 PO8062 6,283,582 IJ22 PO8034 6,239,821 IJ23 PO8039 09/113,083 IJ24 PO8041 6,247,796 IJ25 PO8004 09/113,122 IJ26 PO8037 09/112,793 IJ27 PO8043 09/112,794 IJ28 PO8042 09/113,128 IJ29 PO8064 09/113,127 IJ30 PO9389 6,227,653 IJ31 PO9391 6,234,609 IJ32 PP0888 6,238,040 IJ33 PP0891 6,188,415 IJ34 PP0890 6,227,654 IJ35 PP0873 6,209,989 IJ36 PP0993 6,247,791 IJ37 PP0890 09/112,764 IJ38 PP1398 6,217,153 IJ39 PP2592 09/112,767 IJ40 PP2593 6,243,113 IJ41 PP3991 6,283,581 IJ42 PP3987 6,247,790 IJ43 PP3985 6,260,953 IJ44 PP3983 6,267,469 IJ45 PO7935 6,224,780 IJM01 PO7936 6,235,212 IJM02 PO7937 6,280,643 IJM03 PO8061 6,284,147 IJM04 PO8054 6,214,244 IJM05 PO8065 6,071,750 IJM06 PO8055 6,267,905 IJM07 PO8053 6,251,298 IJM08 PO8078 6,258,285 IJM09 PO7933 6,225,138 IJM10 PO7950 6,241,904 IJM11 PO7949 09/113,129 IJM12 PO8060 09/113,124 IJM13 PO8059 6,231,773 IJM14 PO8073 6,190,931 IJM15 PO8076 6,248,249 IJM16 PO8075 09/113,120 IJM17 PO8079 6,241,906 IJM18 PO8050 09/113,116 IJM19 PO8052 6,241,905 IJM20 PO7948 09/113,117 IJM21 PO7951 6,231,772 IJM22 PO8074 6,274,056 IJM23 PO7941 09/113,110 IJM24 PO8077 6,248,248 IJM25 PO8058 09/113,087 IJM26 PO8051 09/113,074 IJM27 PO8045 6,110,754 IJM28 PO7952 09/113,088 IJM29 PO8046 09/112,771 IJM30 PO9390 6,264,849 IJM31 PO9392 6,254,793 IJM32 PP0889 6,235,211 IJM35 PP0887 09/112,801 IJM36 PP0882 6,264,850 IJM37 PP0874 6,258,284 IJM38 PP1396 09/113,098 IJM39 PP3989 6,228,668 IJM40 PP2591 6,180,427 IJM41 PP3990 6,171,875 IJM42 PP3986 6,267,904 IJM43 PP3984 6,245,247 IJM44 PP3982 09/112,835 IJM45 PP0895 6,231,148 IR01 PP0870 09/113,106 IR02 PP0869 09/113,105 IR04 PP0887 09/113,104 IR05 PP0885 6,238,033 IR06 PP0884 09/112,766 IR10 PP0886 6,238,111 IR12 PP0871 09/113,086 IR13 PP0876 09/113,094 IR14 PP0877 09/112,760 IR16 PP0878 6,196,739 IR17 PP0879 09/112,774 IR18 PP0883 6,270,182 IR19 PP0880 6,152,619 IR20 PP0881 09/113,092 IR21 PO8006 6,087,638 MEMS02 PO8007 09/113,093 MEMS03 PO8008 09/113,062 MEMS04 PO8010 6,041,600 MEMS05 PO8011 09/113,082 MEMS06 PO7947 6,067,797 MEMS07 PO7944 09/113,080 MEMS09 PO7946 6,044,646 MEMS10 PO9393 09/113,065 MEMS11 PP0875 09/113,078 MEMS12 PP0894 09/113,075 MEMS13

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a data processing method and apparatus and, in particular, discloses a Multi Artcam System.

[0004] The present invention further relates to the field of image processing and to user interface mechanisms for performing image processing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Recently, in Australia Provisional Patent Specification entitled “Image Processing Method and Apparatus (Art01)” filed concurrently by the present applicant, a system has been proposed known colloquially as “Artcam” which is a digital camera having an integral printer for printing out sensed images in addition to manipulations of the sensed image which are manipulated as a result of the insertion of a “Artcard” having manipulation instructions thereon into the camera.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide for a multi effect system to provide enhanced image effects.

[0007] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a camera for creating and displaying a manipulated image, the camera comprising:

[0008] (a) image capture means configured to capture a real image and convert it to captured image data;

[0009] (b) input means configured to receive input image data from a source other than the camera;

[0010] (c) image manipulation means configured to receive the input image data from the input means and manipulate it to form a manipulated image;

[0011] (d) output means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to output the manipulated image from the camera; and

[0012] (e) display means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to display the manipulated image.

[0013] Preferably, the input means is configured to receive the input image from an input-image-providing camera.

[0014] Preferably, some or all of the input and output means comprise at least one USB or Firewire port.

[0015] In a preferred form, the output means is configured to output the manipulated image to a manipulated-image-receiving camera.

[0016] It is particular preferred that the display means comprise a printer device, the display means being configured to display the manipulated image by printing it.

[0017] It is also preferred that the camera further comprise a storage-device reader configured to read image manipulation instructions stored on a manipulation-instruction storage-device. In this case, it is preferred that the image manipulation means is configured to generated the manipulated image by manipulating the input image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation-instruction storage-device via the storage-device reader.

[0018] In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a plurality of cameras for creating a manipulated image, the plurality of cameras including:

[0019] (a) a primary camera, comprising:

[0020] (i) image capture means configured to capture a real image as a primary captured image;

[0021] (ii) image manipulation means configured to manipulate the primary captured image to form a primary manipulated image;

[0022] (iii) image providing means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image manipulation means and provide the primary manipulated image to a secondary camera; and

[0023] (b) a secondary camera, comprising:

[0024] (i) image capture means configured to capture a real image as a secondary captured image;

[0025] (ii) image receiving means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image providing means of the primary camera; and

[0026] (iii) image manipulation means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image receiving means and manipulate the primary manipulated image to form a secondary manipulated image.

[0027] Preferably, the secondary camera further comprises display means configured to receive the secondary manipulated image from the image manipulation means and display it. More preferably, the display means comprises a printer device configured to print the secondary manipulated image.

[0028] In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for forming a manipulated image, the method comprising the steps of:

[0029] (a) providing a primary camera, the primary camera comprising:

[0030] (i) image capture means;

[0031] (ii) image manipulation means; and

[0032] (iii) image providing means; and

[0033] (b) providing a secondary camera, the secondary camera comprising:

[0034] (i) image capture means;

[0035] (ii) image receiving means; and

[0036] (iii) image manipulation means, the primary camera performing the steps of:

[0037] (c) capturing a real image as a captured image using the image capture means;

[0038] (d) manipulating the captured image using the image manipulation means to form a primary manipulated image;

[0039] (e) providing the primary manipulated image to the secondary camera via the image providing means; and

[0040] the secondary camera performing the steps of:

[0041] (f) receiving the primary manipulated image from the image providing means of the primary camera via the image receiving means of the secondary camera; and

[0042] (g) manipulating the primary manipulated image using the image manipulation means to form a secondary manipulated image.

[0043] In other aspects, the invention comprises manipulated images from primary or secondary cameras, the images preferably being in printed form,

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings which:

[0045]FIG. 1 illustrates the form of interconnection of the preferred embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND OTHER EMBODIMENTS

[0046] The preferred embodiment is preferably implemented through suitable programming of a hand held camera device such as that described in U.S. Ser. No. 09/113,060 (Docket No ART01) and U.S. Ser. No. 09/112,757 (Docket No. ART56) filed concurrently herewith by the present applicant the content of which is hereby specifically incorporated by cross reference.

[0047] The aforementioned patent specification discloses a camera system, hereinafter known as an “Artcam” type camera, wherein sensed images can be directly printed out by an Artcam portable camera unit. Further, the aforementioned specification discloses means and methods for performing various manipulations on images captured by the camera sensing device leading to the production of various effects in any output image. The manipulations are disclosed to be highly flexible in nature and can be implemented through the insertion into the Artcam of cards having encoded thereon various instructions for the manipulation of images, the cards hereinafter being known as Artcards. The Artcam further has significant onboard processing power by an Artcam Central Processor unit (ACP) which is interconnected to a memory device for the storage of important data and images.

[0048] In the preferred embodiment, multiple Artcams as described in the aforementioned patent specification are interconnected via their USB ports so as to provide a cascading of imaging effects. Through suitable programming of the internal computer portions of each Artcam, a cascading of imaging effects can be achieved.

[0049] The preferred arrangement is as illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein a series of Artcams, e.g. 2, 3, 4, are interconnected 5 via their USB ports. Each Artcam 2, 3, 4 is provided with a corresponding Artcard 7, 8, 9 having a suitable image manipulation program stored thereon. Further, the instructions for utilisation in a network environment can be provided on the Artcard 7, 8, 9. The image 10 sensed by the Artcam 2 is then manipulated by the manipulation program on Artcard 7 with the result being forwarded 5 to Artcam device 3 which applies the image manipulation function provided on Artcard 8 producing a corresponding output which is forwarded to the next Artcam in the series. The chained Artcam has been modified so as to have two USB ports for this purpose. The final Artcam 4 applies its Artcard manipulation stored on Artcard 9 for producing output 12 which is a conglomeration of each of the previous image manipulations.

[0050] The arrangement 1 on FIG. 1 thereby provides the opportunity to apply multiple effects to a single sensed image. Of course, a number of further refinements are possible. For example, each Artcam could print out its own manipulated image in addition to forwarding the image to the next Artcam in the series. Additionally, splitting of paths where one Artcam outputs to two different downstream Artcams which result in different final images being output could also be provided. Additionally, loops, etc., could be utilised.

[0051] It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specific embodiment without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.

[0052] Ink Jet Technologies

[0053] The embodiments of the invention use an ink jet printer type device. Of course many different devices could be used. However presently popular ink jet printing technologies are unlikely to be suitable.

[0054] The most significant problem with thermal ink jet is power consumption. This is approximately 100 times that required for high speed, and stems from the energy-inefficient means of drop ejection. This involves the rapid boiling of water to produce a vapor bubble which expels the ink. Water has a very high heat capacity, and must be superheated in thermal ink jet applications. This leads to an efficiency of around 0.02%, from electricity input to drop momentum (and increased surface area) out.

[0055] The most significant problem with piezoelectric ink jet is size and cost. Piezoelectric crystals have a very small deflection at reasonable drive voltages, and therefore require a large area for each nozzle. Also, each piezoelectric actuator must be connected to its drive circuit on a separate substrate. This is not a significant problem at the current limit of around 300 nozzles per print head, but is a major impediment to the fabrication of pagewide print heads with 19,200 nozzles.

[0056] Ideally, the ink jet technologies used meet the stringent requirements of in-camera digital color printing and other high quality, high speed, low cost printing applications. To meet the requirements of digital photography, new ink jet technologies have been created. The target features include:

[0057] low power (less than 10 Watts)

[0058] high resolution capability (1,600 dpi or more)

[0059] photographic quality output

[0060] low manufacturing cost

[0061] small size (pagewidth times minimum cross section)

[0062] high speed (<2 seconds per page).

[0063] All of these features can be met or exceeded by the ink jet systems described below with differing levels of difficulty. 45 different ink jet technologies have been developed by the Assignee to give a wide range of choices for high volume manufacture. These technologies form part of separate applications assigned to the present Assignee as set out in the table below.

[0064] The ink jet designs shown here are suitable for a wide range of digital printing systems, from battery powered one-time use digital cameras, through to desktop and network printers, and through to commercial printing systems.

[0065] For ease of manufacture using standard process equipment, the print head is designed to be a monolithic 0.5 micron CMOS chip with MEMS post processing. For color photographic applications, the print head is 100 mm long, with a width which depends upon the ink jet type. The smallest print head designed is IJ38, which is 0.35 mm wide, giving a chip area of 35 square mm. The print heads each contain 19,200 nozzles plus data and control circuitry.

[0066] Ink is supplied to the back of the print head by injection molded plastic ink channels. The molding requires 50 micron features, which can be created using a lithographically micromachined insert in a standard injection molding tool. Ink flows through holes etched through the wafer to the nozzle chambers fabricated on the front surface of the wafer. The print head is connected to the camera circuitry by tape automated bonding.

[0067] Although the invention has been described with reference to a number of specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in many other forms. 

1. A camera for creating and displaying a manipulated image, the camera comprising: (a) image capture means configured to capture a real image and convert it to captured image data; (b) input means configured to receive input image data from a source other than the camera; (c) image manipulation means configured to receive the input image data from the input means and manipulate it to form a manipulated image; (d) output means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to output the manipulated image from the camera; and (e) display means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to display the manipulated image.
 2. A camera according to claim 1, wherein the input means is configured to receive the input image from an input-image-providing camera.
 3. A camera according to claim 2, wherein the input means comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 4. A camera according to claim 1, wherein the output means is configured to output the manipulated image to a manipulated-image-receiving camera.
 5. A camera according to claim 4 wherein the output means comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 6. A camera according to claim 6 wherein the display means comprises a printer device and wherein the display means is configured to display the manipulated image by printing it.
 7. A camera according to claim 6 further comprising a storage-device reader configured to read image manipulation instructions stored on a manipulation-instruction storage-device.
 8. A camera according to claim 7, wherein the image manipulation means is configured to generated the manipulated image by manipulating the input image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation-instruction storage-device via the storage-device reader.
 9. A camera according to claim 7, wherein the manipulation-instruction storage-device comprises a card having a surface, upon which is printed at least one image manipulation instruction in encoded form.
 10. A camera according to claim 9, wherein the card comprises an “Artcard” as described herein.
 11. A plurality of cameras for creating a manipulated image, the plurality of cameras including: (a) a primary camera, comprising: (i) image capture means configured to capture a real image as a primary captured image; (ii) image manipulation means configured to manipulate the primary captured image to form a primary manipulated image; (iii) image providing means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image manipulation means and provide the primary manipulated image to a secondary camera; and (b) a secondary camera, comprising: (i) image capture means configured to capture a real image as a secondary captured image; (ii) image receiving means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image providing means of the primary camera; and (iii) image manipulation means configured to receive the primary manipulated image from the image receiving means and manipulate the primary manipulated image to form a secondary manipulated image.
 12. A plurality of cameras according to claim 11, wherein the secondary camera further comprises display means configured to receive the secondary manipulated image from the image manipulation means and display it.
 13. A plurality of cameras according to claim 12, wherein the display means comprises a printer device configured to print the secondary manipulated image.
 14. A plurality of cameras according to claim 11, wherein the secondary camera further comprises image providing means configured to receive the secondary manipulated image from the image manipulation means of the secondary camera and to provide the secondary manipulated image to one or more further cameras.
 15. A plurality of cameras according to claim 14, wherein the image providing means of the secondary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 16. A plurality of cameras according to claim 11, wherein the image providing means of the primary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 17. A plurality of cameras according to claim 11, wherein the image receiving means of the secondary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 18. A plurality of cameras according to claim 11, wherein the primary and secondary cameras each comprises a storage-device reader configured to read image-manipulation instructions stored on a manipulation-instruction storage-device.
 19. A plurality of cameras according to claim 18, wherein the image manipulation means of the primary camera is configured to form the primary manipulated image by manipulating the input image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation instruction storage device via the storage-device reader of the primary camera.
 20. A plurality of cameras according to claim 18, wherein the image manipulation means of the secondary camera is configured to form the secondary manipulated image by manipulating the primary manipulated image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation instruction storage device via the manipulation instruction storage device reader of the secondary camera.
 21. A plurality of cameras according to claim 18, wherein the manipulation instruction storage device comprises a card having a surface and at least one image manipulation instruction printed on the surface in encoded form.
 22. A plurality of cameras according to claim 21, wherein said card comprises an “Artcard” as described herein.
 23. A method for forming a manipulated image comprising the steps of: (a) providing a primary camera, the primary camera comprising: (i) image capture means; (ii) image manipulation means; and (iii) image providing means; and (b) providing a secondary camera, the secondary camera comprising: (i) image capture means; (ii) image receiving means; and (iii) image manipulation means, the primary camera performing the steps of: (c) capturing a real image as a captured image using the image capture means; (d) manipulating the captured image using the image manipulation means to form a primary manipulated image; (e) providing the primary manipulated image to the secondary camera via the image providing means; and the secondary camera performing the steps of: (f) receiving the primary manipulated image from the image providing means of the primary camera via the image receiving means of the secondary camera; and (g) manipulating the primary manipulated image using the image manipulation means to form a secondary manipulated image.
 24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the secondary camera further comprises display means, the method further including the step of displaying the secondary manipulated image using the display means.
 25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the display means comprises a printer device and wherein the secondary camera performs the step of displaying the secondary manipulated image by printing the secondary manipulated image using the printer device.
 26. A method according to claim 23, wherein the secondary camera further comprises image providing means, the method including the step of providing the secondary manipulated image to a further camera via the image providing means of the second camera.
 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein the image providing means of the secondary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 28. A method according to claim 23, wherein the image providing means of the primary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 29. A method according to claim 23, wherein the image receiving means of the secondary camera comprises at least one USB or Firewire port.
 30. A method according to claim 23, wherein the primary and secondary cameras each further comprise a storage-device reader configured to read image-manipulation instructions stored on a manipulation-instruction storage-device.
 31. A method according to claim 30, wherein the image manipulation means of the primary camera performs the step of manipulating the captured image by manipulating the captured image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation-instruction storage-device via the storage-device reader of the primary camera.
 32. A method according to claim 30, wherein the image manipulation means of the secondary camera performs the step of manipulating the primary manipulated image by manipulating the primary manipulated image in accordance with image manipulation instructions received from a manipulation-instruction storage-device via the storage-device reader of the secondary camera.
 33. A method according to claim 30, wherein the manipulation instruction storage device comprises a card having a surface, upon which is printed at least one image manipulation instruction in encoded form.
 34. A method according to claim 33, wherein said card comprises an “Artcard” as described herein.
 35. A manipulated image formed using a camera according to claim
 1. 36. A manipulated image according to claim 35, comprising a printed manipulated image.
 37. A secondary manipulated image formed using a plurality of cameras according to claim
 11. 38. A secondary manipulated image according to claim 37, comprising a printed secondary manipulated image.
 39. A secondary manipulated image formed by the method of claim
 23. 40. A secondary manipulated image according to claim 39, comprising a printed secondary manipulated image.
 41. A camera for creating a manipulated image, the camera comprising: (a) image capture means configured to capture a real image and convert it to a captured image; (b) input means configured to receive an input image from a source other than the camera; (c) image manipulation means configured to receive the input image from the input means and manipulate the input image to form a manipulated image; (d) output means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to output the manipulated image; and (e) display means configured to receive the manipulated image from the image manipulation means and to display the manipulated image.
 42. A camera according to claim 41, wherein the image manipulation means is configured to manipulate the input image by combining at least part of the input image with at least part of the captured image to form the manipulated image.
 43. A camera according to claim 41, wherein the input means comprises one or more of the following: (a) a USB port; (b) a serial port; and (c) an electromagnetic signal receiver.
 44. A camera according to claim 41, wherein the output means comprises one or more of the following: (a) a USB port; (b) a serial port; and (c) an electromagnetic signal transmitter. 